Photonics Letters of Poland

Potential Readings of Water Turbidity Values Based on Optical Sensors on Fish-Rearing Biofloc Media

2022-12-31T14:18:35+01:00

An optical sensor-based water turbidity value reader has been made with an IR-emitting light source, a red LED, and a laser. The tool is made as a solution for reading water turbidity values that are impermeable to light-intensity disturbances. In principle, each light emitter will always shoot toward the sensor. The position of the transmitter and sensor is right between the flowing water pipes. When the water flows, the sensor will read the hardness value of the water (in analog value). Of course, pipes, sensors, transmitting sources, and electronic devices are protected by a casing that is impermeable to light intensity. The casing can be placed outside the pool to facilitate the process of tool maintenance. The tool was made in the SV-IPB University hardware laboratory and tested in the SV-IPB University fish pond from April 2022 to October 2022. Tests for all emitting light sources were carried out on aqueous media which has a flock of 6 ml/l. The results show that the three transmitter sources have analog readings in the same range, namely 2200 to 2300. However, of the three, the red LED transmitter sources have consistent reading values for three replications. Thus, the red LED light emitting source has good potential to be used as an optical sensor to read the value of water turbidity in biofloc media. This was proven again in measurements using variations in flock values (5 ml/l, 6 ml/l, 12 ml/l, and 17 ml/l), indicating that the higher the flock value, the greater the resistance value, so the output voltage value is higher. small. The output voltage value can be calculated from the analog value measured by the device.

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Extraction and Characterization of Silica from Reeds Biomass (Imperata cylindrical) in Various Annealing Temperature

2022-12-27T12:27:10+01:00

Reeds biomass has been successfully extracted. It calcinated with annealing temperatures at 800 °C (A800), 850 °C (A850), and 900 °C (A900). The x-ray pattern showed that it has a cristoballite (SiO2) crystal structure. The band gap energy values are 3.8 eV, 3.7 eV and 4.7 eV, respectively. FTIR spectra show the groups are silanol, siloxane, and monohydride. Quantitatively, it provide results to determine the optical properties and dielectric functions which indicate shift to longer wavelengths with an increase in annealing temperature. The morphology gives different image where the particles are formed flakes (A800), aggregates (A850) and porous aggregates (A900).

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Generating novel focal patterns for radial variant vector beam focusing through a dielectric interface

2023-03-31T15:16:09+02:00

Electric and magnetic energy densities as well as energy flux (Poynting vector) for radial variant vector beam focusing through a dielectric interface is analyzed numerically based on vector diffraction theory. The electric and magnetic energy densities are tailored by properly manipulating the radial as well as initial phases to generates novel focal patterns in the focal area. These peculiar properties may find applications in fields such as optical trapping, optical recording, magnetic recording, and magnetic resonance microscopy and semiconductor inspection.

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Effects of Aberrations on Point Spread Function of Three Zone Aberrated Optical Imaging System with Variable Apodization

2023-03-18T22:47:23+01:00

Presence of optical aberrations degrades the performance of the optical system. These effects can be reduced by inserting proper amplitude filters. In the current study, suitable amplitude-apodization pupils have been used for tailoring the point spread function (PSF), in order to attain full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) and suppressed side lobes. Intensity profiles for the unapodized and variable apodized cases have been considered. By comparing and analyzing the various PSFs, the effects induced by monochromatic aberrations such as defocusing effect, and the primary spherical aberration have been controlled for various degrees of apodization parameter β. The proposed apodizer is very effective in increasing the resolution of the optical systems.

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